Value of Preoperative Ultrasonography in the Surgical Management of Initial and Reoperative Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
5-1-2006
Description
Background: Cervical recurrences, predominantly in lymph nodes, occur in 14% to 30% of patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Postoperative surveillance for recurrent PTC increasingly includes thyrotropin-stimulated thyroglobulin and high-resolution ultrasonography (US). This combination commonly can detect recurrent disease as small as 5 mm. Hypothesis: Preoperative US will increase detection and assessment of the extent of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with PTC. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Tertiary care academic center. Patients: From January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2004, a total of 770 patients were seen, 551 (381 female and 170 male; median age, 47 years; age range, 9-89 years) who underwent initial surgical management and 219 (154 female and 65 male; median age, 44 years; age range, 5-90 years) who underwent cervical reoperation for PTC. The US images were obtained preoperatively for 486 initial and 216 reoperative patients. Therapeutic radioactive iodine was administered to 151 (68.9%) of the reoperative patients before the subsequent operation (median dose, 5.6 × 109 Bq; range, 7.4 × 108-3.7 × 1010 Bq). Results: Ultrasonography identified nonpalpable lateral jugular LNMs in 70 (14.4%) of the patients undergoing initial exploration. Similarly, in reoperative patients, nonpalpable lateral LNMs were detected via US in 106 (64.2%), and 61 (28.2%) had LNMs detected in the central neck. Even when nodes were palpable preoperatively (37 [6.7%] of the initial and 56 [25.6%] of the reoperative patients), US assessment of the extent of LNM involvement altered the operation in 15 (40.5%) of the initial and 24 (42.9%) of the reoperative patients. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value for US were 83.5%, 97.7%, and 88.8% in initial patients, and 90.4%, 78.9%, and 93.9% in reoperative patients. Conclusions: Overall, preoperative US detected nonpalpable LNMs in 231 (32.9%) of the 702 patients with PTC who underwent US, thereby altering the operative procedure performed. In addition, even in patients with palpable LNs, US helped to guide the extent of lymphadenectomy.
Citation Information
Stulak, John; Grant, Clive S.; Farley, David R.; Thompson, Geoffrey B.; Van Heerden, Jon A.; Hay, Ian D.; Reading, Carl C.; Charboneau, J. William; Duh, Quan Yang; Talpos, Gary B.; Snyder, Samuel; and Grube, Baiba J.. 2006. Value of Preoperative Ultrasonography in the Surgical Management of Initial and Reoperative Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Archives of Surgery. Vol.141(5). 489-496. https://doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.141.5.489 PMID: 16702521 ISSN: 0004-0010