A case of Progressive Glomerulonephritis with Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Lambda Light Chain Deposition (LCDD)

Authors' Affiliations

Kanwardeep Singh, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN Vindhya B. Sriramoju, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN Sakshi Singal, MD, Division of Hematology and Oncology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN Elnora N Spradling, MD, Division of Hematology and Oncology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN Rabia Zafar, MD, Department of Pathology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN

Location

Clinch Mtn. Room 215

Start Date

4-5-2018 8:00 AM

End Date

4-5-2018 12:00 PM

Poster Number

159

Name of Project's Faculty Sponsor

Elnora N Spradling

Faculty Sponsor's Department

Division of Hematology and Oncology

Classification of First Author

Medical Resident or Clinical Fellow

Type

Poster: Competitive

Project's Category

Biomedical Case Study

Abstract or Artist's Statement

Light Chain Deposition Disease (LCDD) is a type of monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease characterized by the non-amyloid deposition of monoclonal light chains in the tubular basement membranes and Bowman’s capsule. It was first described about 3 decades ago, but due to varied clinical presentations, many differential diagnoses and low incidence, it is both underrecognized and underreported. We present a case of 85-year-old female with past medical history significant for CKD and HTN, who presented with accelerated HTN, normocytic anemia and worsening renal function. Laboratory data showed Hgb <9.5 gm/dL, MCV 93 fL, Total protein 5.9, Albumin 3.2, Calcium 8.9, Serum Creatinine 2.37, BUN 45, Urine with hematuria (50–99 erythrocytes per high-power field) and nephrotic range proteinuria. Renal biopsy showed evidence of Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, with immunofluorescence features indicative of a monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease. Bone marrow biopsy showed mildly increased plasma cells (5-7%) confirmed to be clonal (lambda light chain) by flow cytometry, negative for Congo-Red stain. Although no underlying hematological abnormality like Multiple Myeloma or Amyloidosis was observed in this case, the renal pathological findings is consistent with proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal IgG lambda deposits. There is no standard of care for the management of LCDD based on rarity of this condition. Many treatment modalities including chemotherapy and stem cell transplant have been tried. A combination of high dose melphalan or Cyclophosphamide with dexamethasone is preferred for Non-IgM type monoclonal protein kidney deposition, like in this case. Bortezomib and Thalidomide-based chemotherapy have been promising in recent research. For IgM type monoclonal protein deposition, Rituximab alone or in combination with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone are used. This patient was not a good candidate for corticosteroid and chemotherapy or stem cell transplant due to old age (>77 years) and poor functional status, therefore, was started on hemodialysis. Following dialysis, improvement in renal function and general clinical condition was evident. The prognostic factors include age, degree of renal insufficiency at presentation affecting the renal prognosis, underlying hematologic disorder and extrarenal LC deposition. In this case, despite hemodialysis, long term survival and prognosis remain poor due to her inability to tolerate chemotherapy.

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Apr 5th, 8:00 AM Apr 5th, 12:00 PM

A case of Progressive Glomerulonephritis with Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Lambda Light Chain Deposition (LCDD)

Clinch Mtn. Room 215

Light Chain Deposition Disease (LCDD) is a type of monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease characterized by the non-amyloid deposition of monoclonal light chains in the tubular basement membranes and Bowman’s capsule. It was first described about 3 decades ago, but due to varied clinical presentations, many differential diagnoses and low incidence, it is both underrecognized and underreported. We present a case of 85-year-old female with past medical history significant for CKD and HTN, who presented with accelerated HTN, normocytic anemia and worsening renal function. Laboratory data showed Hgb <9.5 gm/dL, MCV 93 fL, Total protein 5.9, Albumin 3.2, Calcium 8.9, Serum Creatinine 2.37, BUN 45, Urine with hematuria (50–99 erythrocytes per high-power field) and nephrotic range proteinuria. Renal biopsy showed evidence of Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, with immunofluorescence features indicative of a monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease. Bone marrow biopsy showed mildly increased plasma cells (5-7%) confirmed to be clonal (lambda light chain) by flow cytometry, negative for Congo-Red stain. Although no underlying hematological abnormality like Multiple Myeloma or Amyloidosis was observed in this case, the renal pathological findings is consistent with proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal IgG lambda deposits. There is no standard of care for the management of LCDD based on rarity of this condition. Many treatment modalities including chemotherapy and stem cell transplant have been tried. A combination of high dose melphalan or Cyclophosphamide with dexamethasone is preferred for Non-IgM type monoclonal protein kidney deposition, like in this case. Bortezomib and Thalidomide-based chemotherapy have been promising in recent research. For IgM type monoclonal protein deposition, Rituximab alone or in combination with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone are used. This patient was not a good candidate for corticosteroid and chemotherapy or stem cell transplant due to old age (>77 years) and poor functional status, therefore, was started on hemodialysis. Following dialysis, improvement in renal function and general clinical condition was evident. The prognostic factors include age, degree of renal insufficiency at presentation affecting the renal prognosis, underlying hematologic disorder and extrarenal LC deposition. In this case, despite hemodialysis, long term survival and prognosis remain poor due to her inability to tolerate chemotherapy.