Candida Auris Cell Wall Mannosylation Contributes to Neutrophil Evasion Through Pathways Divergent From Candida Albicans and Candida Glabrata
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
5-1-2021
Description
Candida auris, a recently emergent fungal pathogen, has caused invasive infections in health care settings worldwide. Mortality rates approach 60% and hospital spread poses a public health threat. Compared to other Candida spp., C. auris avoids triggering the antifungal activity of neutrophils, innate immune cells that are critical for responding to many invasive fungal infections, including candidiasis. However, the mechanism underpinning this immune evasion has been largely unknown. Here, we show that C. auris cell wall mannosylation contributes to the evasion of neutrophils ex vivo and in a zebrafish infection model. Genetic disruption of mannosylation pathways (PMR1 and VAN1) diminishes the outer cell wall mannan, unmasks immunostimulatory components, and promotes neutrophil engagement, phagocytosis, and killing. Upon examination of these pathways in other Candida spp. (Candida albicans and Candida glabrata), we did not find an impact on neutrophil interactions. These studies show how C. auris mannosylation contributes to neutrophil evasion though pathways distinct from other common Candida spp. The findings shed light on innate immune evasion for this emerging pathogen. IMPORTANCE The emerging fungal pathogen Candida auris presents a global public health threat. Therapeutic options are often limited for this frequently drug-resistant pathogen, and mortality rates for invasive disease are high. Previous study has demonstrated that neutrophils, leukocytes critical for the antifungal host defense, do not efficiently recognize and kill C. auris. Here, we show how the outer cell wall of C. auris promotes immune evasion. Disruption of this mannan polysaccharide layer renders C. auris susceptible to neutrophil killing ex vivo and in a zebrafish model of invasive candidiasis. The role of these mannosylation pathways for neutrophil evasion appears divergent from other common Candida species.
Citation Information
Horton, Mark V.; Johnson, Chad J.; Zarnowski, Robert; Andes, Brody D.; Schoen, Taylor J.; Kernien, John F.; Lowman, Douglas; Kruppa, Michael D.; Ma, Zuchao; Williams, David L.; Huttenlocher, Anna; and Nett, Jeniel E., "Candida Auris Cell Wall Mannosylation Contributes to Neutrophil Evasion Through Pathways Divergent From Candida Albicans and Candida Glabrata" (2021). ETSU Faculty Works. 564.
https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works-2/564